Ductile FailureModesofDoubleShearSteel-to-WoodDowel Type Connections

To analyze the behavior of typical hybrid steel–wood connections in wooden buildings, 3D continuum-based finite element analysis (FEA) models of the most critical connections were developed using the Abaqus/CAE program. Accurate modeling requires appropriate element and material formulations, as well as proper contact definitions between connection components. To address the asymmetric behavior of bilinga wood, the Hill criterion, coupled with a pressure overclosure relationship, was employed to control ductile yielding and brittle fracture near bolt holes. Yielding of the steel components, such as bolts and slotted in plates, was captured using the Von Mises criterion. Model validation was performed indirectly by comparing the numerical results with experimental tests conducted on wood and through theoretical comparisons of bolt failure modes according to Eurocode 5. The developed models satisfactorily replicated bolt failure, including yielding in both steel and wood members. Parametric studies revealed that staggered bolt configurations have enhanced ductility and moment-resisting capacity than single-row bolt arrangements. Additionally, a solution involving a gap of 10 mm between slotted in base plates and timber columns was introduced to evaluate the performance and ultimate load capacity of these connections.